Psychology Motivation

The term motivation comes from the Latin word that means moving movere. In the present context, motivation can be defined as a psychological process that produces an intensity, direction, and individual perseverance in order to achieve a goal. In 1943, motivational psychologist Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory describes the motivation now become famous.

Moslow states that psychology of motivation is a function of the five basic needs, namely:

• Psychology. The main basic needs. Among others the need for food, drink, air to survive.
• Security: among others, safety and protection of physical and emotional losses.
• Love. The desire to be loved and to love. Contains the need for love and belonging.
• Award. The need for reputation, pride, and recognition from others. Also contains a need for confidence and strength.
• Self-actualization. The desire to become what he wanted to be. To become the best is the ability of the what.

Psychologists another motivation, Clayton Alderfer developed an alternative theory of human needs in the late 1960s. This theory distinguishes the needs that have been developed by Maslow into three levels from the lowest to the highest needs of existence (Existence Needs) is associated with physiological and safety needs, the needs of the relationship (Relatedness Needs) which focuses on how individuals relate to the environment social needs of growth (Growth Needs) which includes the need will grow as human beings in general and using his ability to achieve full potential.

Although ERG theory of motivation psychology assumes that behavior is motivated to follow a hierarchy is somewhat similar to the hierarchy suggested by Maslow, there are important differences.

First, ERG theory states that more than one level of motivation needs to move at the same time. Second, ERG theory has so-called frustration-regression component (frustation-regresion aspect). So, if certain needs are not met, the individual will become frustrated, retreat to a lower level.

David McClelland, a motivational psychologist who has studied the well-known relationship between the behavioral needs since the 1940s. He divided the needs into three types, namely achievement (achievement), power (power), and afilasi (affilation). The explanation is as follows:

• The Need for Achievement: Stating that the motivation and ability are encouraged to strengthen harder achievement (success) or a desire to solve a problem.
• The Need for Affiliation. The desire to spend time in activities and social relationships.
• The Need of Power. Reflecting the desire of individuals to influence, train, megajar, or encourage someone to succeed.

Terence Mitchell, a renowned researcher on organizational behavior, introducing a conceptual model that explains how behavior affects the psychology of motivation and ability to work. He explained that the individual inputs and job context are the two key categories of factors that affect motivation.

The two categories are mutually influencing each other which also affect the motivational process which will form Behaviors motivated. He also explained that motivated Behaviors directly influenced by the individual's ability and job knowledge (skills), motivation, and a combination of factors limit the job context. Performance someone, will eventually be influenced by the motivated behavior.